Going to court without a lawyer: You can represent yourself

In a criminal case the judge can assign a lawyer to help you. In most civil cases the judge can not assign a lawyer. Civil cases are about divorce, family law, housing, money you owe, wills, and more. You can get a free lawyer assigned for some kinds of civil cases, so ask the judge. 

Most people can't afford a lawyer or get a free lawyer. Representing yourself is hard, but it’s not impossible. 

Stand up for yourself

To help your case, you have to stick up for yourself. This means you: 

1. Ask lots of questions that help you understand your options. 
2. Don't agree to or sign anything you don't understand fully

Some judges and court employees want cases to go fast, and they will pressure you to agree with things you don’t understand. Don't be afraid and don’t let them rush. You are the one who cares most about having a fair case.  

Questions you can ask in court

When you don’t understand something, speak up! You can ask any questions. Here are  examples:

• What does this document mean? Do you have it in my language?
• I don't understand _____. Can you please explain more?
• Can you repeat that please?
• What are my options? If I do _____, will I lose any rights or choices?
• How do I ask for more time or a different court date? 
• Do I need to use a form or application? Where do I find it? 
• What happens if I sign this? What happens if I don't sign this?
• How much time do I have? When is the deadline? 
• What if I can't afford to pay a court fee?
• What do I need to do next?

Tips for representing yourself

• Keep track of deadlines. You will hurt or lose your case if you miss a deadline.
• Go to all your hearings. You will hurt or lose your case if you miss a court date.
• Write stuff down. Take notes about what happens in court and what the judge tells you to do next. 
• Make copies of the documents you give to the judge or court employees.
  • Keep one copy for yourself
  • Make an extra copy for the person who is against you. That is the usual rule in court. There are more rules about when and how you give them a copy.
• Be strategic. Your words and actions can affect your case.

You can do it!

Representing yourself isn’t easy, but it’s possible. The more ready you are, the better you can protect and present your case. Remember, you can ask questions, take your time, and make sure you understand every step of the process.